MACAW: a media access protocol for wireless LAN's
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
GloMoSim: a library for parallel simulation of large-scale wireless networks
PADS '98 Proceedings of the twelfth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation
Location-aided routing (LAR) in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A transmission control scheme for media access in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Highly-resilient, energy-efficient multipath routing in wireless sensor networks
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Navigating Mobile Robots: Systems and Techniques
Navigating Mobile Robots: Systems and Techniques
A two-tier data dissemination model for large-scale wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
PSFQ: a reliable transport protocol for wireless sensor networks
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
A Generalized Birthday Problem
CRYPTO '02 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
RAP: A Real-Time Communication Architecture for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks
RTAS '02 Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS'02)
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
SPEED: A Stateless Protocol for Real-Time Communication in Sensor Networks
ICDCS '03 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
PEAS: A Robust Energy Conserving Protocol for Long-lived Sensor Networks
ICDCS '03 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Trajectory based forwarding and its applications
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Differentiated surveillance for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
CODA: congestion detection and avoidance in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
On greedy geographic routing algorithms in sensing-covered networks
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Impact of radio irregularity on wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Energy-efficient surveillance system using wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
ExOR: opportunistic multi-hop routing for wireless networks
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Geographic Random Forwarding (GeRaF) for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Multihop Performance
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Fast track article: Gradient-based target localization in robotic sensor networks
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
A Context and Content-Based Routing Protocol for Mobile Sensor Networks
EWSN '09 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Comparison of data-driven link estimation methods in low-power wireless networks
SECON'09 Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE communications society conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks
CEC'09 Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation
Crosslayer design protocol using geographical information in wireless sensor networks
MSN'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile ad-hoc and sensor networks
Efficient geographic routeless routing protocols with enhanced location update mechanism
International Journal of Sensor Networks
A holistic sensor network design for energy conservation and efficient data dissemination
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Highly dynamic sensor networks, such as mobile robotic sensor networks, have been applied in various kinds of application scenarios such as real-time planet exploration and deep-ocean discovery. In these types of networks, mobility and energy management protocols change the connectivity among the neighboring nodes quickly. Traditional state-based protocols, designed for static and/or low-mobility networks, suffer excessive delay in updating their routing or neighborhood tables, leading to severe packet loss and communication delay in the highly dynamic situations. To provide robust and timely communication, we exploit the concept of Lazy-Binding to deal with the elevated network dynamics. Based on this concept and the knowledge of the node positions, we introduce Implicit Geographic Forwarding (IGF), a new protocol for highly dynamic sensor networks that is altogether state-free. We compare our work against several typical routing protocols in static, mobile and energy-conserving networks under a wide range of system and workload configurations. In the presence of mobility and other dynamics, IGF achieves as much as 10 times improvement in the delivery ratio and significant reduction in both the end-to-end delay and control overhead. In addition to extensive simulations, we also implement and evaluate the IGF protocol on the Berkeley mote platform.