Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
PAMAS—power aware multi-access protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Dynamic Power Management in Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Design & Test
Latency of wireless sensor networks with uncoordinated power saving mechanisms
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
On k-coverage in a mostly sleeping sensor network
Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Queueing Networks and Markov Chains
Queueing Networks and Markov Chains
RandomWalk Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks
PDCAT '05 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies
Queuing network models for delay analysis of multihop wireless ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Wireless communications and mobile computing
Towards optimal sleep scheduling in sensor networks for rare-event detection
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
The power of choice in random walks: an empirical study
Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
The capacity of wireless networks
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Hi-index | 0.01 |
MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks employ periodic switching to low energy sleep state in order to enhance network lifetime. During the sleep state, the sensors do not perform energy consuming operations such as receiving and transmitting packets. During the normal state, CSMA based multi-access mechanism is the MAC protocol of choice in distributed, unsynchronized sensor networks. The energy conserving mechanism has a two-fold effect on delay in the network. On one hand it increases delay since many a times the intended receiver may be in sleep state and the transmitter has to delay the transmission to allow the receiver to wake up. On the other hand, since the sensors do not transmit in sleep state, the contention for channel is reduced which tends to improve delay. In this paper we present a queuing theoretic analysis of delay and capacity in sensor networks with uncoordinated sleep mechanism and characterize the energy-delay-capacity tradeoffs. We consider several sleep states which consume different levels of energy. We model sensor networks as queuing networks and evaluate closed form expressions for average packet delay and maximum achievable per-node throughput in terms of network parameters and sleep schedule. Comparisons with the performance of networks that do not employ any energy conserving mechanisms show that any of the energy conserving sleep states in the networks considered in this paper leads to considerable degradation in delay and capacity of the network.