A technical introduction to digital video
A technical introduction to digital video
Feature Detection with Automatic Scale Selection
International Journal of Computer Vision
An HMM-Based Threshold Model Approach for Gesture Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
A System for Person-Independent Hand Posture Recognition against Complex Backgrounds
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Detection in Color Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Mixture model for face-color modeling and segmentation
Pattern Recognition Letters
Statistical color models with application to skin detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Colour Model Selection and Adaption in Dynamic Scenes
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume I - Volume I
Skin-Color Modeling and Adaptation
ACCV '98 Proceedings of the Third Asian Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Hand Gesture Recognition Using Input-Output Hidden Markov Models
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Comparison of Five Color Models in Skin Pixel Classification
RATFG-RTS '99 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems
Real-Time Input of 3D Pose and Gestures of a User's Hand and Its Applications for HCI
VR '01 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR'01)
Color-Based Face Detection Using Skin Locus Model and Hierarchical Filtering
ICPR '02 Proceedings of the 16 th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'02) Volume 4 - Volume 4
A New Robust Face Detection in Color Images
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Skin Detection in Video under Changing Illumination Conditions
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
A Comparative Assessment of Three Approaches to Pixel-Level Human Skin-Detection
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Skin Color-Based Video Segmentation under Time-Varying Illumination
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Objective evaluation of approaches of skin detection using ROC analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Effect of colorspace transformation, the illuminance component, and color modeling on skin detection
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Face detection using quantized skin color regions merging andwavelet packet analysis
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Face segmentation using skin-color map in videophone applications
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Fingertip detection with morphology and geometric calculation
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Mixture models with skin and shadow probabilities for fingertip input applications
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
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Skin detection is frequently used as the first step for the tasks of face and gesture recognition in perceptual interfaces for human-computer interaction and communication. Thus, it is important for the researchers using skin detection to choose the optimal method for their specific task. In this paper, we propose a novel method of measuring the performance of skin detection for a task. We have created an evaluation framework for the task of hand detection and executed this assessment using a large dataset containing 17 million pixels from 225 images taken under various conditions. The parameter set of the skin detection has been trained extensively. Five colorspace transformations with and without the illuminance component coupled with two color modeling approaches have been evaluated. The results indicate that the best performance is achieved by transforming to SCT colorspace, using the illuminance component, and modeling the distribution with the histogram approach. Some conclusions such as the SCT colorspace being one of the best colorspaces are consistent with our previous work, while findings such as the YUV colorspace performing well in this work when it was one of the worst in our previous work are different. This indicates that the performance measured at the pixel-level might not be the ultimate indicator for the performance at the task-level of hand detection. We believe that the users of skin detection will find our task-based results to be more relevant than the traditional pixel-level results. However, we acknowledge that an evaluation is limited by its specific dataset and evaluation protocols.