VLSI analogs of neuronal visual processing: a synthesis of form and function
VLSI analogs of neuronal visual processing: a synthesis of form and function
CMOS design of the tree arbiter element
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
On Seitz'' Arbiter
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems
A wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor with pulse-frequency-modulation and in-pixel amplification
Microelectronics Journal
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers
A novel asynchronous pixel for an energy harvesting CMOS image sensor
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
A 64 × 64 pixels UWB wireless temporal-difference digital image sensor
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
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This paper presents a time-to-first spike (TFS) and address event representation (AER)-based CMOS vision sensor performing image capture and on-chip histogram equalization (HE). The pixel values are read-out using an asynchronous handshaking type of read-out, while the HE processing is carried out using simple and yet robust digital timer occupying a very small silicon area (0.1 × 0.6 mm2). Low-power operation (10 nA per pixel) is achieved since the pixels are only allowed to switch once per frame. Once the pixel is acknowledged, it is granted access to the bus and then forced into a stand-by mode until the next frame cycle starts again. Timing errors inherent in AER-type of imagers are reduced using a number of novel techniques such as fair and fast arbitration using toggled priority (TP), higher-radix, and pipelined arbitration. A verilog simulator was developed in order to simulate the effect of timing errors encountered in AER-based imagers. A prototype chip was implemented in AMIS 0.35µm process with a silicon area of 3.1 × 3.2 mm2. Successful operation of the prototype is illustrated through experimental measurements.