Superior augmented reality registration by integrating landmark tracking and magnetic tracking
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Evaluation of Interest Point Detectors
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special issue on a special section on visual surveillance
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multi-Ring Color Fiducial Systems for Scalable Fiducial Tracking Augmented Reality
VRAIS '98 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium
Distinctiveness Maps for Image Matching
ICIAP '99 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing
A Video Based Interface to Textual Information for the Visually Impaired
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
ISMAR '02 Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
Autonomicity An Antidote for Complexity?
CSBW '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference - Workshops
Automatic Sign Detection and Recognition in Natural Scenes
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Detecting and reading text in natural scenes
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Automatic text detection and tracking in digital video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Accessible spaces: navigating through a marked environment with a camera phone
Proceedings of the 9th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Search Strategies of Visually Impaired Persons Using a Camera Phone Wayfinding System
ICCHP '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs
Blind guidance using mobile computer vision: a usability study
Proceedings of the 12th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
A vision-based system for object identification and information retrieval in a smart home
AmI'10 Proceedings of the First international joint conference on Ambient intelligence
Streaming Data Movement for Real-Time Image Analysis
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
Situation-based indoor wayfinding system for the visually impaired
The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Robust real-time detection of multi-color markers on a cell phone
Journal of Real-Time Image Processing
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A major challenge faced by the blind and visually impaired population is that of wayfinding--the ability of a person to find his or her way to a given destination. We propose a new wayfinding aid based on a camera cell phone, which is held by the user to find and read aloud specially designed machine-readable signs, which we call color targets, in indoor environments (labeling locations such as offices and restrooms). Our main technical innovation is that we have designed the color targets to be detected and located in fractions of a second on the cell phone CPU, even at a distance of several meters. Once the sign has been quickly detected, nearby information in the form of a barcode can be read, an operation that typically requires more computational time. An important contribution of this paper is a principled method for optimizing the design of the color targets and the color target detection algorithm based on training data, instead of relying on heuristic choices as in our previous work. We have implemented the system on Nokia 7610 cell phone, and preliminary experiments with blind subjects demonstrate the feasibility of using the system as a real-time wayfinding aid.