A Distributed Algorithm for Joint Sensing and Routing in Wireless Networks with Non-Steerable Directional Antennas

Authors:
Chun Zhang;Jim Kurose;Yong Liu;Don Towsley;Michael Zink
Affiliations:
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY, czhang1@us.ibm.com;Dept. of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, kurose@cs.umass.edu;Dept. of Electrical&Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY, yongliu@poly.edu;Dept. of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, towsley@cs.umass.edu;Dept. of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, zink@cs.umass.edu
Venue:
ICNP '06 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Year:
2006

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Abstract

In many energy-rechargeable wireless sensor net-works, sensor nodes must both sense data from the environment, and cooperativelyforward sensed data to data sinks. Both data sensing and data forwarding (including data transmission and reception) consumeenergy at sensor nodes. We present a distributed algorithm for optimal joint allocation of energy between sensing and communicationat each node to maximize overall system utility (i.e., the aggregate amount of information received at the data sinks). Weconsider this problem in the context of wireless sensor networks with directional, non-steerable antennas. We first formulatea joint data-sensing and data-routing optimization problem with both per-node energy-expenditure constraints, and traditionalflow routing/conservation constraints. We then simplify this problem by converting it to an equivalent routing problem, andpresent a distributed gradient-based algorithm that iteratively adjusts the per-node amount of energy allocated between sensingand communication to reach the system-wide optimum. We prove that our algorithm converges to the maximum system utility. Wequantitatively demonstrate the energy balance achieved by this algorithm in a network of small, energy-constrained X-bandradars, connected via point-to-point 802.11 links with non-steerable directional antennas.