A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Performance-driven facial animation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Video Rewrite: driving visual speech with audio
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Trainable videorealistic speech animation
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Geometry-based muscle modeling for facial animation
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
Real-Time Facial Animation based upon a Bank of 3D Facial Expressions
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
An example-based approach for facial expression cloning
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Learning controls for blend shape based realistic facial animation
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Vision-based control of 3D facial animation
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Unsupervised learning for speech motion editing
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Spacetime faces: high resolution capture for modeling and animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Real-time speech motion synthesis from recorded motions
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Automatic determination of facial muscle activations from sparse motion capture marker data
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Face transfer with multilinear models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Transferable videorealistic speech animation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Synthesizing speech animation by learning compact speech co-articulation models
CGI '05 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International 2005
The 3D caricature face modeling based on aesthetic formulae
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Virtual-Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry
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In blendshape-based facial animation, two main approaches are used to create the key expressions: manual sculpting and statistically-based techniques. Hand-generated expressions have the advantage of being intuitively recognizable, thus allowing animators to use conventional keyframe control. However, they may cover only a fraction of the expression space, resulting in large reproduction/animation errors. On the other hand, statistically-based techniques produce eigenfaces that give minimal reproduction errors but are visually non-intuitive. In this paper we propose a technique to convert a given set of hand-generated key expressions into another set of so-called quasi-eigen faces. The resulting expressions resemble the original hand-generated expressions, but have expression space coverages more like those of statistically generated expression bases. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by applying it to hand-generated expressions.