Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Classification and Localisation of Diabetic-Related Eye Disease
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part IV
Comparative Exudate Classification Using Support Vector Machines and Neural Networks
MICCAI '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention-Part II
Skin Segmentation Using Color Pixel Classification: Analysis and Comparison
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Strategies in Lesion Detection of Background Diabetic Retinopathy
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Algorithms for the Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Digital Fundus Images: A Review
Journal of Medical Systems
A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm based Fuzzy Approach for Abnormal Retinal Image Classification
International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence
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Exudates are the primary signs of diabetic retinopathy which are mainly cause of blindness and could be prevented with an early screening process. Pupil dilation is required in the normal screening process but this affects patients' vision. This paper investigated and proposed automatic methods of exudates detection on low-contrast images taken from non-dilated pupils. The process has two main segmentation steps which are coarse segmentation using Fuzzy C-Means clustering and fine segmentation using morphological reconstruction. Four features, namely intensity, standard deviation on intensity, hue and adapted edge, were selected for coarse segmentation. The detection results are validated by comparing with expert ophthalmologists' hand-drawn ground-truth. The sensitivity and specificity for our exudates detection are 86% and 99% respectively.