Business-to-business interactions: issues and enabling technologies
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Ontology Based Context Modeling and Reasoning using OWL
PERCOMW '04 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research
Intelligent business knowledge management using topic maps
Proceedings of the 2nd Bangalore Annual Compute Conference
A survey and analysis of electronic business document standards
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Generating topic maps from XML/XSD documents
Proceedings of the 6th ACM India Computing Convention
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Universal Business Language (UBL) is an OASIS initiative to develop common business document schemas to provide document interoperability in the eBusiness domain. Since the data requirements change according to a context, UBL schemas need to be customized and UBL defines a guideline to be followed for customization of schemas. XSD derivation based customization as proposed by UBL provides syntactic interoperability, that is, an XML parser that can interpret standard UBL documents can also interpret customized UBL documents. We argue that for UBL to become mainstream, syntactic interoperability alone is not enough. It needs to be supported by semantic interoperability, that is, it must be possible for users and even automated processes to discover and reuse customizations provided by other users. In this paper, we describe how to improve the UBL customization mechanism by providing semantic representations for context domains and describe how these semantics can be utilized by automated processes for component discovery and schema customization. For this purpose, we derive ontologies from taxonomies like the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), the Universal Standard Products and Services Classification (UNSPSC) and relate corresponding concepts from different ontologies through ontology alignment. Then, we process these aligned ontologies using a reasoner to compute inferred ontologies representing context domains. We show that when custom UBL components are annotated using classes from these ontologies, automated discovery and customization becomes possible.