Robust recognition of physical team behaviors using spatio-temporal models
AAMAS '06 Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Role-based teamwork activity recognition in observations of embodied agent actions
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 2
Learning collaborative team behavior from observation
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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Recognizing and annotating the occurrence of team actions in observations of embodied agents has applications in surveillance and in training of military or sport teams. We describe the team actions through a spatio-temporal correlated pattern of movement, which can be modeled by a Hidden Markov Model. The hand-crafting of these models is a difficult task of knowledge engineering, even in application domains where explicit, natural language descriptions of the team actions are available. The main contribution of this paper is an approach through which the library of HMM representations can be acquired from a small number of hand annotated, representative samples of the specific movement patterns. A series of experiments, performed on a dataset describing a real-world terrestrial warfare exercise validates our method and shows good recognition accuracy even in the presence of noisy data. The speed of the recognition engine is sufficiently fast to allow real time annotation of incoming observations.