MACS-VRPTW: a multiple ant colony system for vehicle routing problems with time windows
New ideas in optimization
Ant algorithms for discrete optimization
Artificial Life
Future Generation Computer Systems
An overview of vehicle routing problems
The vehicle routing problem
The vehicle routing problem
Pheromone Modification Strategies for Ant Algorithms Applied to Dynamic TSP
Proceedings of the EvoWorkshops on Applications of Evolutionary Computing
Ant Colony Optimization
Very large-scale vehicle routing: new test problems, algorithms, and results
Computers and Operations Research
An efficient variable neighborhood search heuristic for very large scale vehicle routing problems
Computers and Operations Research
Active guided evolution strategies for large-scale vehicle routing problems with time windows
Computers and Operations Research
IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine
Ant colony system: a cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Simulation evaluation for on-demand bus system with electrical vehicles
Intelligent Decision Technologies - Special issue on design of intelligent environment
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Metaheuristics like ant colony optimization (ACO) can be used to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper we refer to its successful application to the vehicle routing problem (VRP). At the beginning, we introduce the VRP and some of its variants. The variants of VRP were designed to reproduce the kind of situations faced in the real-world. Further, we introduce the fundamentals of ant colony optimization, and we present in few words its application to the solution of the VRP. At the end, we discuss the applications of ACO to a number of real-world problems: a VRP with time windows for a major supermarket chain in Switzerland; a VRP with pickup and delivery for a leading distribution company in Italy and an on-line VRP in the city of Lugano, Switzerland, where clients' orders arrive during the delivery process.