Renormalization group analysis of turbulence I. Basic theory
Journal of Scientific Computing
Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations
Journal of Computational Physics
A level set approach for computing solutions to incompressible two-phase flow
Journal of Computational Physics
A level set formulation of Eulerian interface capturing methods for incompressible fluid flows
Journal of Computational Physics
SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Volume-of-fluid interface tracking with smoothed surface stress methods for three-dimensional flows
Journal of Computational Physics
A non-oscillatory Eulerian approach to interfaces in multimaterial flows (the ghost fluid method)
Journal of Computational Physics
Journal of Computational Physics
HyPAM: A hybrid continuum-particle model for incompressible free-surface flows
Journal of Computational Physics
Hi-index | 31.46 |
A numerical method which fulfils the free-surface boundary conditions and extrapolates the fluid velocity into empty grid cells outside the fluid region on a fixed Cartesian grid system is presented. The complex, three-dimensional, vortex structures formed via surface/vortex interaction and induction between vortices have been computed using the proposed technique implemented within a level-set method for both vertical and oblique droplet impacts in incompressible fluids. The present results have been validated through numerical tests which confirm zero tangential shear at the free-surface and comparisons with experimental observations of cavity and vortex ring formation underneath the impact location. In some cases, transitions from a concentric vortex ring to a fully three-dimensional vortex structure has been confirmed. Whilst the primary vortex ring is initiated at the highly curved contact surface between the droplet and receiving surface, azimuthal instabilities are manifested in the shear layer around the cavity crater developing after the vertical impact, resulting in axial counter-rotating vorticity between the cavity and descending vortex ring. Underlying mechanisms which induce local deformation of the free-surface, creating a so-called scar, due to the sub-surface vortices at the oblique impacts are also discussed.