Robust MC-CDMA-based fingerprinting against time-varying collusion attacks
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Collusion-resistant fingerprinting systems: review and recent results
Transactions on data hiding and multimedia security V
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number of users in a media distribution scenario is considered in this work. To increase the number of users, we propose to assign the same codeword repetitively to multiple users but with a differ- ent amount of delay. It is shown that, when the proposed system is under collusion, it is equivalent to a communication system with a multipath channel. Then, the identification performance for each user code can be improved by multipath channel estimation and adaptive equalization methods. We present a set of collusion- free codes called OSIFT (Orthogonal Spreading followed by the Inverse Fourier Transform) and demonstrate that OSIFT codes are robust against a generalized collusion attack in an exemplary audio watermarking system with a large number of users by computer simulation.