Mobile Radio Communications
On Limits of Wireless Communications in a Fading Environment when UsingMultiple Antennas
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Coded cooperation in wireless communications: space-time transmission and iterative decoding
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Exact symbol error probability of a Cooperative network in a Rayleigh-fading environment
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Optimal transmitter eigen-beamforming and space-time block coding based on channel correlations
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Distributed space-time-coded protocols for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless networks
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Distributed wireless communication system: a new architecture for future public wireless access
IEEE Communications Magazine
Dynamics of spatial correlation and implications on MIMO systems
IEEE Communications Magazine
A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Space-time block coding for wireless communications: performance results
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
From theory to practice: an overview of MIMO space-time coded wireless systems
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Capacity limits of MIMO channels
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are known to offer huge advantages over single-antenna systems, both with regard to capacity and error performance. Usually, quite restrictive assumptions are made in the literature on MIMO systems concerning the spacing of the individual antenna elements. On the one hand, it is typically assumed that the antenna elements at transmitter and receiver are colocated, that is, they belong to some sort of antenna array. On the other hand, it is often assumed that the antenna spacings are sufficiently large, so as to justify the assumption of uncorrelated fading on the individual transmission links. From numerous publications it is known that spatially correlated links caused by insufficient antenna spacings lead to a loss in capacity and error performance. We show that this is also the case when the individual transmit or receive antennas are spatially distributed on a large scale, which is caused by unequal average signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) on the individual transmission links. Possible applications include simulcast networks as well as future mobile radio systems with joint transmission or reception strategies. Specifically, it is shown that there is a strong duality between MIMO systems with colocated antennas (and spatially correlated links) and MIMO system with distributed antennas (and unequal average link SNRs). As a result, MIMO systems with distributed and colocated antennas can be treated in a single, unifying framework. An important implication of this finding is that optimal transmit power allocation strategies developed for MIMO systems with colocated antennas may be reused for MIMO systems with distributed antennas, and vice versa.