Nessi: an EEG-controlled web browser for severely paralyzed patients

Authors:
Michael Bensch;Ahmed A. Karim;Jürgen Mellinger;Thilo Hinterberger;Michael Tangermann;Martin Bogdan;Wolfgang Rosenstiel;Niels Birbaumer
Affiliations:
Department of Computer Engineering, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;Inst. of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Univ. of Tübingen and Grad. Sch. of Neural and Behavioral Sci., International Max Planck Res. Sch., Univ. of Tübingen, Tübin ...;Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;Fraunhofer FIRST, Intelligent Data Analysis Group, Berlin, Germany;Department of Computer Engineering, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany and Department of Computer Engineering, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany;Department of Computer Engineering, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;Inst. of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Univ. of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany and Human Cortical Physiology Unit, National Inst. of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Nat ...
Venue:
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience - Brain-Computer Interfaces: Towards Practical Implementations and Potential Applications
Year:
2007

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Abstract

We have previously demonstrated that an EEG-controlled web browser based on self-regulation of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) enables severely paralyzed patients to browse the internet independently of any voluntary muscle control. However, this system had several shortcomings, among them that patients could only browse within a limited number of web pages and had to select links from an alphabetical list, causing problems if the link names were identical or if they were unknown to the user (as in graphical links). Here we describe a new EEG-controlled web browser, called Nessi, which overcomes these shortcomings. In Nessi, the open source browser, Mozilla, was extended by graphical in-place markers, whereby different brain responses correspond to different frame colors placed around selectable items, enabling the user to select any link on a web page. Besides links, other interactive elements are accessible to the user, such as e-mail and virtual keyboards, opening up a wide range of hypertext-based applications.