Continuously variable duration hidden Markov models for automatic speech recognition
Computer Speech and Language
Speaker independent phonetic transcription of fluent speech for large vocabulary speech recognition
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
The BBN BYBLOS Continuous Speech Recognition system
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
The Lincoln Continuous Speech Recognition system: recent developments and results
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
The String-to-String Correction Problem
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Acoustic modeling of subword units for large vocabulary speaker independent speech recognition
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Continuous speech recognition from phonetic transcription
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
A grammar compiler for connected speech recognition
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
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A long-standing and widely accepted linguistic theory of speech recognition holds that natural spoken messages are understood on the basis of an intermediate representation of the acoustic signal in terms of a small number of phonetic symbols. The traditional linguistic theory is very attractive for several reasons. First, it provides a natural way to partition the process of communication by spoken language into distinct acoustic, phonetic, lexical and syntactic sub-processes. Second, it provides for a reduction in bandwidth at each successive stage of the process. And, finally, it seems to be reflected in the development of written language. It is thus not surprising that this seminal idea formed the basis for several early speech recognition machines [1, 2, 3, 4].