NSPW '97 Proceedings of the 1997 workshop on New security paradigms
SPINS: security protocols for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
The quest for security in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Proxy-based security protocols in networked mobile devices
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM symposium on Applied computing
IPTPS '01 Revised Papers from the First International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems
A Distributed Light-Weight Authentication Model for Ad-hoc Networks
ICISC '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference Seoul on Information Security and Cryptology
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Perfectly-Secure Key Distribution for Dynamic Conferences
CRYPTO '92 Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
The nesC language: A holistic approach to networked embedded systems
PLDI '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2003 conference on Programming language design and implementation
LEAP: efficient security mechanisms for large-scale distributed sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Energy Analysis of Public-Key Cryptography for Wireless Sensor Networks
PERCOM '05 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
Establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Soft Tamper-Proofing via Program Integrity Verification in Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Secure time synchronization service for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Wireless security
Efficient Node Admission for Short-lived Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
ICNP '05 Proceedings of the 13TH IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
SCUBA: Secure Code Update By Attestation in sensor networks
WiSe '06 Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Wireless security
Remote software-based attestation for wireless sensors
ESAS'05 Proceedings of the Second European conference on Security and Privacy in Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks
Self-configurable key pre-distribution in mobile ad hoc networks
NETWORKING'05 Proceedings of the 4th IFIP-TC6 international conference on Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; Mobile and Wireless Communication Systems
Secure and resilient clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Code injection attacks on harvard-architecture devices
Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Reliability of wireless sensors with code attestation for intrusion detection
Information Processing Letters
Proceedings of the 6th ACM workshop on QoS and security for wireless and mobile networks
Preserving query privacy in urban sensing systems
ICDCN'12 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Distributed Computing and Networking
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Security in wireless sensor networks has become important as they are being developed and deployed for an increasing number of applications. The severe resource constraints in each sensor make it very challenging to secure sensor networks. Moreover, sensors are usually deployed in hostile and unattended environments and hence are susceptible to various attacks, including node capture, physical tampering, and manipulation of the sensor program. Park and Shin [2005] proposed a soft tamper-proofing scheme that verifies the integrity of the program in each sensor device, called the program integrity verification (PIV), in which sensors authenticate PIV servers (PIVSs) using centralized and trusted third-party entities, such as authentication servers (ASs). This article presents a distributed authentication protocol of PIVSs (DAPP) without requiring the commonly used ASs. DAPP uses the Blundo scheme [Blundo et al. 1992] for sensors and PIVSs to establish pairwise keys and for PIVSs to authenticate one another. We also present a protocol for PIVSs to cooperatively detect and revoke malicious PIVSs in the network. We implement and evaluate both DAPP and PIV on Mica2 Motes and laptops, showing that DAPP reduces the sensors' communication traffic in the network by more than 90% and the energy consumption on each sensor by up to 85%, as compared to the case of using a centralized AS for authenticating PIVSs. We also analyze the security of DAPP under various attack models, demonstrating its capability in dealing with diverse types of attacks.