Experiments on Local Positioning with Bluetooth
ITCC '03 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Computers and Communications
Habitat monitoring with sensor networks
Communications of the ACM - Wireless sensor networks
Design and Analysis of Experiments
Design and Analysis of Experiments
Virtual fencing applications: Implementing and testing an automated cattle control system
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Robust classification of animal tracking data
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Review: Wireless sensors in agriculture and food industry-Recent development and future perspective
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Pilot study to monitor body temperature of dairy cows with a rumen bolus
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Review: The evolution of virtual fences: A review
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Development of model based sensors for the supervision of a solar dryer
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Research in Applied Computation
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Performance assessment of a kinetically-powered network for herd localization
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
Bayesian-based localization in inhomogeneous transmission media
Proceedings of the 2013 Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems
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The problem of online monitoring of cows' presence and pasture time in an extended area covered by a strip of new grass using wireless sensor networks has been addressed. The total pasture time in the extended area was estimated by measuring the pasture time in a specific part of that area called the gateway connectivity area where sensor nodes mounted on the cows could communicate directly with a gateway. Packet loss causes a node that was present in the connectivity range of the gateway frequently to be classified as an absent node. Therefore, a moving average window with optimal window length and threshold was designed to minimize the misclassification. As the measured pasture time in the gateway connectivity area was an underestimation of the total pasture time in the extended area, an area-based correction factor, same for all individual animals was applied. As only 23% of the animals in a herd were equipped to be monitored by sensor nodes, investigations to evaluate if the monitored number of animals could represent the whole herd were of great importance. To accomplish the investigations, the number of monitored cows by sensor nodes and the total number of cows (with and without sensor nodes) in the extended area were counted manually each minute over a period of 3h during 3 days. Pearson chi-square test of goodness of fit showed that the number of cows in the extended area was normally distributed. Furthermore, a statistical test showed that the mean number of monitored cows in the extended area and the mean of total number of cows in the extended area corresponded with the percentage of monitored cows by sensor nodes in the herd (23%).