Methods of synchronizing digital watermarks

  • Authors:
  • N. V. Koshkina

  • Affiliations:
  • Cybernetics Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine

  • Venue:
  • Cybernetics and Systems Analysis
  • Year:
  • 2008

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Abstract

Various methods of synchronizing digital watermarks are described and compared. The methods are grouped into the following two categories: compensation of geometric distortions and extraction of an invariant domain. The methods considered are as follows: template matching, self-reference watermarking, and feature point methods, methods based on the Radon transform, and invariant extraction by means of the Fourier-Mellin transform.