TCP/IP illustrated (vol. 1): the protocols
TCP/IP illustrated (vol. 1): the protocols
End-to-end internet packet dynamics
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On power-law relationships of the Internet topology
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Measuring ISP topologies with rocketfuel
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Detection and analysis of routing loops in packet traces
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
A technique for counting natted hosts
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Topology Discovery by Active Probing
SAINT-W '02 Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT) Workshops
Towards an accurate AS-level traceroute tool
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
In search of path diversity in ISP networks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
DIMES: let the internet measure itself
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Avoiding traceroute anomalies with Paris traceroute
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Flooding attacks by exploiting persistent forwarding loops
IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement
Internet core topology mapping and analysis
Computer Communications
Interdomain traffic engineering with BGP
IEEE Communications Magazine
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
SSS '09 Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems
The 2nd workshop on active internet measurements (AIMS-2) report
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
On the hardness of topology inference
ICDCN'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Distributed computing and networking
The weak network tracing problem
ICDCN'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Distributed computing and networking
Measuring multipath routing in the internet
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
DataTraffic Monitoring and Analysis
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Traceroute is widely used, from the diagnosis of network problems to the assemblage of internet maps. Unfortunately, there are a number of problems with traceroute methodology, which lead to the inference of erroneous routes. This paper studies particular structures arising in nearly all traceroute measurements. We characterize them as ''loops'', ''cycles'', and ''diamonds''. We identify load balancing as a possible cause for the appearance of false loops, cycles, and diamonds, i.e., artifacts that do not represent the internet topology. We provide a new publicly available traceroute, called Paris traceroute, which, by controlling the packet header contents, provides a truer picture of the actual routes that packets follow. We performed measurements, from the perspective of a single source tracing towards multiple destinations, and Paris traceroute allowed us to show that many of the particular structures we observe are indeed traceroute measurement artifacts.