Blind watermarking technique based on integer discrete cosine transform and AC prediction

  • Authors:

  • Eugene Lai;Ching-Tang Hsieh;Kuo-Ming Hung

  • Affiliations:

  • Department of Electrical Engineering, TamKang University, Taiwan, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan R.O.C.;Department of Electrical Engineering, TamKang University, Taiwan, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan R.O.C.;Department of Electrical Engineering, TamKang University, Taiwan, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan R.O.C. and Department of Information Management, Kainan University, Taiwan, Luzhu Shiang, Taoyuan, Ta ...

  • Venue:
  • ICAI'07 Proceedings of the 8th Conference on 8th WSEAS International Conference on Automation and Information - Volume 8
  • Year:
  • 2007

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Abstract

Because of the blocking artifacts resulted from 8×8 Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), most watermarking technologies have been proposed using DCT whose image quality was not very good. In 1990, Gonzales et al.[9] described a technique which predicts a few low frequency AC coefficients. The AC predictor uses the dequantized DC values of a 3×3 neighborhood of 8×8 blocks to predict the AC values in the center block. Wang [10] proposed a data hiding scheme using the AC prediction technology in 2005. But it is unable to be suitable for the image of all types to predict AC coefficients accurately. We propose a novel watermarking system by using the technique of 4×4 integer DCT transform and adaptive AC estimation. We use 4×4 INTDCT transform to reduce blocking artifacts caused from 8×8 DCT transform and improve Imperceptibility and watermark capacity greatly. Moreover, we utilize AC prediction value as error-checking code to enhance the robustness of watermark.