AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages
Computers and Biomedical Research
Conceptual Information Processing
Conceptual Information Processing
Activation in Human MT/MST by Static Images with Implied Motion
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The cortical underpinnings of context-based memory distortion
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
The cortical underpinnings of context-based memory distortion
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Context modeling in computer vision: techniques, implications, and applications
Multimedia Tools and Applications
The rapid extraction of gist-early neural correlates of high-level visual processing
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Representation of contextually related multiple objects in the human ventral visual pathway
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Virtual sectioning and haptic exploration of volumetric shapes in the absence of visual feedback
Advances in Human-Computer Interaction
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Visual context plays a prominent role in everyday perception. Contextual information can facilitate recognition of objects within scenes by providing predictions about objects that are most likely to appear in a specific setting, along with the locations that are most likely to contain objects in the scene. Is such identity-related (semantic) and location-related (spatial) contextual knowledge represented separately or jointly as a bound representation? We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) priming experiment whereby semantic and spatial contextual relations between prime and target object pictures were independently manipulated. This method allowed us to determine whether the two contextual factors affect object recognition with or without interacting, supporting a unified versus independent representations, respectively. Results revealed a Semantic Spatial interaction in reaction times for target object recognition. Namely, significant semantic priming was obtained when targets were positioned in expected (congruent), but not in unexpected (incongruent), locations. fMRI results showed corresponding interactive effects in brain regions associated with semantic processing (inferior prefrontal cortex), visual contextual processing (parahippocampal cortex), and object-related processing (lateral occipital complex). In addition, activation in fronto-parietal areas suggests that attention and memory-related processes might also contribute to the contextual effects observed. These findings indicate that object recognition benefits from associative representations that integrate information about objects' identities and their locations, and directly modulate activation in object-processing cortical regions. Such context frames are useful in maintaining a coherent and meaningful representation of the visual world, and in providing a platform from which predictions can be generated to facilitate perception and action.