Typechecking and modules for multimethods
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
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The semantic analyses phase of a compiler must translate abstract syntax into abstract machine code. It can do this after type-checking, or at the same time. An intermediate representation is a kind of abstract machine language that can express the target-machine operations without committing to too much machine-specific details. But it is also independent of the details of the source language. The front-end of the compiler does lexical analysis, parsing, semantic analyses, and translation to intermediate representation. The back-end does optimization of the intermediate representation and translation to machine language.