Public-key cryptography
Optimistic protocols for fair exchange
Proceedings of the 4th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Cryptography and network security (2nd ed.): principles and practice
Cryptography and network security (2nd ed.): principles and practice
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
Protocols for Watermark Verification
IEEE MultiMedia
Integration of digital rights management into the internet open trading protocol
Decision Support Systems
Privacy Protection for Transactions of Digital Goods
ICICS '01 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information and Communications Security
AINA '04 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Volume 2
A buyer-seller watermarking protocol
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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In this paper, we propose a scheme of secure watermarking protocol using cryptographic technologies for use in real life internet retail market of digital contents, in which trust between customers and digital contents providers may not be assumed. A commutative encryption algorithm is used in our scheme to doubly lock the information by the secret keys of both a contents provider, and its customer, separately. The privacy of watermark pattern is maintained while the digital rights of the contents provider are protected. This is achieved by allowing the customer to choose a secret pattern of watermark combination unknown to the contents provider. Consequently, the quality of the watermarked digital contents can be guaranteed. We show that the protocol is secure against any possible attacks from the customer and the contents provider. Moreover, the disputes resolution process becomes mechanical.