Accommodating individual differences in searching a hierarchical file system
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Hypermedia topologies and user navigation
HYPERTEXT '89 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Hypertext
Reader's models of text structures: the case of academic articles
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Developing adaptive systems to fit individual aptitudes
IUI '93 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
What is the shape of information?: human factors in the development and use of digital libraries
ACM SIGOIS Bulletin - Special issue on digital libraries
Information space representation in interactive systems: relationship to spatial abilities
Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries
Cognitive factors in design: basic phenomena in human memory and problem solving
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Individual differences in a spatial-semantic virtual environment
Journal of the American Society for Information Science - Special topic issue: individual differences in virtual environments
Towards a practical measure of hypertext usability
Interacting with Computers
The Use of Hypertext as a Vocabulary Acquisition Strategy for English as Second Language Learners
IDGD '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Internationalization, Design and Global Development: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
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Breadcrumbs are a type of navigational aid intended to help users of large well-structured websites by providing information about the location of the current webpage within the site's structure. The phenomenon of user disorientation (feeling lost) when using hypertext in abstract information-rich environments such as WWW-based directories is well known. Earlier experiments have been unable to explain why visual mediators that improve navigation for people with lower Spatial Ability (SA) seems to have the opposite effect for other people. Results from our experiment indicate that spatial ability influenced navigation efficiency in navigating a vast hierarchical website. Users in the higher SA group were more efficient and had a different (marginally significant) preference for website's breadcrumbs over the browser's Back button. There was no significant difference for time or accuracy between the two groups. Those results suggest that users with lower SA use different approaches to navigating websites than others.