Data mining: practical machine learning tools and techniques with Java implementations
Data mining: practical machine learning tools and techniques with Java implementations
Indexing narrative structure and semantics in motion pictures with a probabilistic framework
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1
Scene extraction in motion pictures
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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We explore the concept of film pace expressed through audio to analyse the film at a semantic level. We use domain knowledge to derive a number of measures for film audio pace. We then apply the audio pace to examine two semantic concepts: counterpoint and narrative structure. Counterpoint is a method used to highlight a salient event by contrasting the visual and audio aspects of a film. We divide narrative structure into visual narration, action, and audio narration, plot development. We hypothesise that changes in the narrative structure signal a change in the audio pace. We then test this hypothesis using eight films of varying genres. A pattern was established linking the audio pace features, guided by the properties of the audio energy, to the narrative structure. The method was successful in determining the narrative structure for seven of the films, achieving an overall precision of 76.4% and recall of 80.3%.