The structure-mapping engine: algorithm and examples
Artificial Intelligence
Generating multiple new designs from a sketch
Artificial Intelligence
How designers transform keywords into visual images
C&C '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Creativity & cognition
Functional Reasoning in Design
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
Design, Analogy, and Creativity
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
Design Simplification by Analogical Reasoning
Proceedings of the IFIP TC5 WG5.2 Fourth Workshop on Knowledge Intensive CAD to Knowledge Intensive Engineering
Special Issue: Engineering applications of representations of function, Part 1
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
Representing function: Relating functional representation and functional modeling research streams
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
A functional representation for aiding biomimetic and artificial inspiration of new ideas
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
Understanding drawings by compositional analogy
IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the 20th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence
From diagrams to models by analogical transfer
Diagrams'06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference
Nature of creative analogies in biologically inspired innovative design
Proceedings of the seventh ACM conference on Creativity and cognition
A content account of creative analogies in biologically inspired design
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
Function-based, biologically inspired concept generation
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
Discovering implicit constraints in design
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
An information-processing account of creative analogies in biologically inspired design
C&C '11 Proceedings of the 8th ACM conference on Creativity and cognition
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Design by analogy is a powerful part of the design process across the wide variety of modalities used by designers such as linguistic descriptions, sketches, and diagrams. We need tools to support people's ability to find and use analogies. A deeper understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying design and analogy is a crucial step in developing these tools. This paper presents an experiment that explores the effects of representation within the modality of sketching, the effects of functional models, and the retrieval and use of analogies. We find that the level of abstraction for the representation of prior knowledge and the representation of a current design problem both affect people's ability to retrieve and use analogous solutions. A general semantic description in memory facilitates retrieval of that prior knowledge. The ability to find and use an analogy is also facilitated by having an appropriate functional model of the problem. These studies result in a number of important implications for the development of tools to support design by analogy. Foremost among these implications is the ability to provide multiple representations of design problems by which designers may reason across, where the verb construct in the English language is a preferred mode for these representations.