Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators
Neural Networks
Approximation capabilities of multilayer feedforward networks
Neural Networks
Kolmogorov's theorem and multilayer neural networks
Neural Networks
Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics
Kolmogorov's theorem is relevant
Neural Computation
Representation properties of networks: Kolmogorov's theorem is irrelevant
Neural Computation
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Using only an elementary constructive method, we prove the universal approximation capability of three-layered feedforward neural networks that have sigmoid units on two layers. We regard the Heaviside function as a special case of sigmoid function and measure accuracy of approximation in either the supremum norm or in the Lp-norm. Given a continuous function defined on a unit hypercube and the required accuracy of approximation, we can estimate the numbers of necessary units on the respective sigmoid unit layers. In the case where the sigmoid function is the Heaviside function, our result improves the estimation of Kůrková (1992). If the accuracy of approximation is measured in the LP-norm, our estimation also improves that of Kůrková (1992), even when the sigmoid function is not the Heaviside function.