File System Forensic Analysis
Digital Investigation: The International Journal of Digital Forensics & Incident Response
A correlation method for establishing provenance of timestamps in digital evidence
Digital Investigation: The International Journal of Digital Forensics & Incident Response
Towards event ordering in digital forensics
Proceedings of the 12th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Digital Investigation: The International Journal of Digital Forensics & Incident Response
DBSec'13 Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Data and Applications Security and Privacy XXVII
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Timestamps play an important role in digital investigations, since they are necessary for the correlation of evidence from different sources, including network tracing. Use of timestamps as evidence can be questionable due to the reference to a clock with unknown adjustment. This work addresses this problem by taking a hypothesis based approach to timestamp investigation. Historical clock values can be formulated as a clock hypothesis. This hypothesis can be tested for consistency with timestamp evidence by constructing a model of actions affecting timestamps in the investigated system. Acceptance of a clock hypothesis with timestamp evidence can justify the hypothesis, and thereby establish when events occurred in civil time. The results can be used to correlate timestamp evidence from different sources, including identifying correct originators during network trace.