Transparency and complexity benchmarking of audio watermarking algorithms issues
MM&Sec '06 Proceedings of the 8th workshop on Multimedia and security
Transactions on Data Hiding and Multimedia Security I
Spread-spectrum watermarking of audio signals
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
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Digital watermarking is a growing research area to mark digital content by embedding information into the content itself. Perceptual hashing is used to identify a specific content or to identify integrity violation up to a specific threshold. The evaluation of digital watermarking algorithms provides a fair and automated analysis of specific watermarking schemes for selected application fields. In this paper, we enhance an existing theoretical framework to provide normalized comparable application oriented evaluation results of embedding transparency and we present first practical evaluation results of digital audio watermarking schemes in the application scenario of perceptual hashing. Thereby, the internals of the evaluation profile for the embedding transparency of the digital watermarking schemes are enhanced with a normalized perceptual hash difference grade, used to provide an objectively comparison and to give a recommendation of the usability and applicability of the digital audio watermarking schemes within the application scenario of perceptual hashing. First evaluation results are presented with an inter algorithm evaluation and analysis for five exemplary selected digital audio watermarking schemes, working in time, frequency and wavelet domain, and they give an objective recommendation for their applicability within this application scenario.