Wavelets and subband coding
Random signal processing
IBM Systems Journal
Robust audio watermarking using perceptual masking
Signal Processing
Transparent and Robust Audio Data Hiding in Subband Domain
ITCC '00 Proceedings of the The International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'00)
Audio watermarking by time-scale modification
ICASSP '01 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03
Robust audio watermarking in the time domain
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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We present an efficient audio watermarking algorithm in the frequency domain. Watermark for embedding is generated by a random number generator. The host signal is subjected to wavelet decomposition and the watermark is embedded in the DCT coefficients corresponding to the lowest frequency sub-band. The whole functionality of the algorithm is dependent on the seed value of the sequence generator, which itself acts as the security password for both embedding and extraction. Embedding the watermark in the place value of 10-2 could result in an SNR of the order of 70-80db, achieving an almost distortion less watermarking. The length of the watermark is made variable and user selectable for achieving flexibility in terms of computational complexity, security level and perceptual quality. Results are presented for watermark embedding on different classes of audio signals for different levels of decomposition and by embedding at different place values.