A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network
Wireless Networks - Selected Papers from Mobicom'99
Mobility increases the capacity of ad hoc wireless networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Tracking Highly Mobile Endpoints
WOWMOM '01 Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Wireless mobile multimedia
Age matters: efficient route discovery in mobile ad hoc networks using encounter ages
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Communication in disconnected ad hoc networks using message relay
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Special issue on wireless and mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
A message ferrying approach for data delivery in sparse mobile ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Routing in a delay tolerant network
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
MDDV: a mobility-centric data dissemination algorithm for vehicular networks
Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks
SIGMETRICS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Access and mobility of wireless PDA users
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Using redundancy to cope with failures in a delay tolerant network
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Erasure-coding based routing for opportunistic networks
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking
Practical routing in delay-tolerant networks
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking
Pocket switched networks and human mobility in conference environments
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking
Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking
Resource and performance tradeoffs in delay-tolerant wireless networks
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking
DTN routing in a mobility pattern space
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking
Network coding for efficient communication in extreme networks
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking
Performance analysis of mobility-assisted routing
Proceedings of the 7th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Performance analysis of epidemic routing under contention
Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Wireless communications and mobile computing
Opportunistic content distribution in an urban setting
Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM workshop on Challenged networks
Efficient routing in intermittently connected mobile networks: the single-copy case
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Ad Hoc Networking
Performance modeling of epidemic routing
NETWORKING'06 Proceedings of the 5th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; Mobile and Wireless Communications Systems
The capacity of wireless networks
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Capacity and delay tradeoffs for ad hoc mobile networks
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Delay-tolerant networking: an approach to interplanetary Internet
IEEE Communications Magazine
Performance modeling of network coding in epidemic routing
Proceedings of the 1st international MobiSys workshop on Mobile opportunistic networking
Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Toward stochastic anatomy of inter-meeting time distribution under general mobility models
Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
An analytical study of fundamental mobility properties for encounter-based protocols
International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems
Autonomic behaviour of opportunistic network routing
International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
Rerouting in advance for preempted IR calls in QoS-enabled networks
Computer Communications
On the performance of two-hop message spreading in DTNs
Ad Hoc Networks
Aging rules: what does the past tell about the future in mobile ad-hoc networks?
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
MotionCast: on the capacity and delay tradeoffs
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Evaluating the impact of an acknowledgment strategy for APRP
Proceedings of the 5th International Latin American Networking Conference
RENA: region-based routing in intermittently connected mobile network
Proceedings of the 12th ACM international conference on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
On the improvement of scaling laws for large-scale MANETs with network coding
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications - Special issue on network coding for wireless communication networks
The effects of node cooperation level on routing performance in delay tolerant networks
SECON'09 Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE communications society conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks
A prsimonious model of mobile partitioned networks with clustering
COMSNETS'09 Proceedings of the First international conference on COMmunication Systems And NETworks
A data transmission scheme for community-based opportunistic networks
WiCOM'09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wireless communications, networking and mobile computing
Impact of source counter on DTN routing control under resource constraints
MobiOpp '10 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Mobile Opportunistic Networking
DTIPN: delay tolerant IP networking for opportunistic network applications
MobiOpp '10 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Mobile Opportunistic Networking
An efficient anonymous authentication mechanism for delay tolerant networks
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Adaptive optimal buffer management policies for realistic DTN
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Pi: a practical incentive protocol for delay tolerant networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Anti-localization anonymous routing for Delay Tolerant Network
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Optimal activation and transmission control in delay tolerant networks
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
An opportunistic batch bundle authentication scheme for energy constrained DTNs
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Retiring replicants: congestion control for intermittently-connected networks
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Distributed estimation of global parameters in delay-tolerant networks
Computer Communications
Distributed gradient optimization for epidemic routing: a preliminary evaluation
WD'09 Proceedings of the 2nd IFIP conference on Wireless days
Fitting genetic algorithms to distributed on-line evolution of network protocols
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Modeling on-body DTN packet routing delay in the presence of postural disconnections
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Special issue on opportunistic and delay tolerant networks
Cost-effective multiperiod spraying for routing in delay-tolerant networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Forward correction and fountain codes in delay-tolerant networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Fast track article: Impact of source counter on routing performance in resource constrained DTNs
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
Communication capacity-based message exchange mechanism for delay-tolerant networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
How much off-center are centrality metrics for routing in opportunistic networks
CHANTS '11 Proceedings of the 6th ACM workshop on Challenged networks
A random obstacle-based mobility model for delay-tolerant networking
International Journal of Network Management
Reasonable routing in delay/disruption tolerant networks
Frontiers of Computer Science in China
A directional data dissemination protocol for vehicular environments
Computer Communications
Leveraging node centrality and regularity for efficient routing in mobile peer-to-peer networks
Globe'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Data management in grid and peer-to-peer systems
Social-aware forwarding improves routing performance in pocket switched networks
ESA'11 Proceedings of the 19th European conference on Algorithms
FINDERS: a featherlight information network with delay-endurable RFID support
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Analysis of latency of stateless opportunistic forwarding in intermittently connected networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Look-Ahead Routing and Message Scheduling in Delay-Tolerant Networks
Computer Communications
Modelling inter-contact times in social pervasive networks
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Symposium on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor, and ubiquitous networks
Review: A survey on content-centric technologies for the current Internet: CDN and P2P solutions
Computer Communications
Delay and capacity tradeoff analysis for motioncast
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Proceedings of the third ACM international workshop on Mobile Opportunistic Networks
Modelling social-aware forwarding in opportunistic networks
PERFORM'10 Proceedings of the 2010 IFIP WG 6.3/7.3 international conference on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems: milestones and future challenges
HyDi: a hybrid data dissemination protocol for highway scenarios in vehicular ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the second ACM international symposium on Design and analysis of intelligent vehicular networks and applications
A social node model for realising information dissemination strategies in delay tolerant networks
Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Ego network models for Future Internet social networking environments
Computer Communications
Generalized two-hop relay for flexible delay control in MANETs
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A Survey of Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications
International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications
Shaping opportunistic networks
Computer Communications
Data delivery scheme for intermittently connected mobile sensor networks
Computer Communications
Performance Modeling for Relay Cooperation in Delay Tolerant Networks
Mobile Networks and Applications
Universal scheme improving probabilistic routing in delay-tolerant networks
Computer Communications
Combined optimal control of activation and transmission in delay-tolerant networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Dynamic DTN Routing Strategies Based on Knowledge
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
RIS: A Reciprocal Incentive Scheme in Selfish Opportunistic Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Resilience and opportunistic forwarding: beyond average value analysis
Proceedings of the 8th ACM MobiCom workshop on Challenged networks
Resource-aware capacity evaluation for heterogeneous, disruption-tolerant networks
Proceedings of the 9th Asian Internet Engineering Conference
Achieving energy-synchronized communication in energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) - Special Section ESFH'12, ESTIMedia'11 and Regular Papers
Multi-Spreader Routing for sparsely populated mobile ad hoc networks
Wireless Networks
Performance modeling of DTN routing with heterogeneous and selfish nodes
Wireless Networks
A context-rich and extensible framework for spontaneous smartphone networking
Computer Communications
Benefits of network coding for unicast application in disruption-tolerant networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Optimal forwarding in delay-tolerant networks with multiple destinations
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Intelligent Dynamical Buffer Scheduling Mechanism for Intermittently Connected Mobile Network
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Network Coding for Overhead Reduction in Delay Tolerant Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Memory Forwarding Algorithm in Multiple Communities Delay Tolerant Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
An Improved Routing Algorithm Based on Social Link Awareness in Delay Tolerant Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Secure Multi-copy Routing in Compromised Delay Tolerant Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Preventing spam in opportunistic networks
Computer Communications
Delay and capacity in MANETs under random walk mobility model
Wireless Networks
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Intermittently connected mobile networks are wireless networks where most of the time there does not exist a complete path from the source to the destination. There are many real networks that follow this model, for example, wildlife tracking sensor networks, military networks, vehicular ad hoc networks, etc. In this context, conventional routing schemes fail, because they try to establish complete end-to-end paths, before any data is sent. To deal with such networks researchers have suggested to use flooding-based routing schemes. While flooding-based schemes have a high probability of delivery, they waste a lot of energy and suffer from severe contention which can significantly degrade their performance. Furthermore, proposed efforts to reduce the overhead of flooding-based schemes have often been plagued by large delays. With this in mind, we introduce a new family routing schemes that "spray" a few message copies into the network, and then route each copy independently towards the destination. We show that, if carefully designed, spray routing not only performs significantly fewer transmissions per message, but also has lower average delivery delays than existing schemes; furthermore, it is highly scalable and retains good performance under a large range of scenarios. Finally, we use our theoretical framework proposed in our 2004 paper to analyze the performance of spray routing. We also use this theory to show how to choose the number of copies to be sprayed and how to optimally distribute these copies to relays.