BRA: a bidirectional routing abstraction for asymmetric mobile ad hoc networks

Authors:
Venugopalan Ramasubramanian;Daniel Mossé
Affiliations:
Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, Mountain View, CA;Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Venue:
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Year:
2008

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Abstract

Wireless links are often asymmetric due to heterogeneity in the transmission power of devices, non-uniform environmental noise, and other signal propagation phenomenons. Unfortunately, routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks typically work well only in bidirectional networks. This paper first presents a simulation study quantifying the impact of asymmetric links on network connectivity and routing performance. It then presents a framework called BRA that provides a bidirectional abstraction of the asymmetric network to routing protocols. BRA works by maintaining multi-hop reverse routes for unidirectional links and provides three new abilities: improved connectivity by taking advantage of the unidirectional links, reverse route forwarding of control packets to enable off-the-shelf routing protocols, and detection packet loss on unidirectional links. Extensive simulations of AODV layered on BRA show that packet delivery increases substantially (two-fold in some instances) in asymmetric networks compared to regular AODV, which only routes on bidirectional links.