Graceful Degradation over Packet Erasure Channels through Forward Error Correction
DCC '99 Proceedings of the Conference on Data Compression
Rate-distortion performance for joint source and channel coding of images
ICIP '95 Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Image Processing (Vol.2)-Volume 2 - Volume 2
ICIP '97 Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP '97) 3-Volume Set-Volume 1 - Volume 1
Optimal Multiple Description Transform Coding of Gaussian Vectors
DCC '98 Proceedings of the Conference on Data Compression
Design of multiple description scalar quantizers
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
A comparison of the HIPERLAN/2 and IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN standards
IEEE Communications Magazine
Automatic-repeat-request error-control schemes
IEEE Communications Magazine
Performance of H.263 video transmission over wireless channels using hybrid ARQ
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Subband image coding using entropy-coded quantization over noisy channels
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
The EREC: an error-resilient technique for coding variable-length blocks of data
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A new method of robust image compression based on the embedded zerotree wavelet algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image coding using robust quantization for noisy digital transmission
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Multiple description wavelet based image coding
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Multiple description coding using pairwise correlating transforms
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A new, fast, and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A zerotree wavelet video coder
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Adaptive quantization and fast error-resilient entropy coding for image transmission
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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In this paper, we propose an integrated robust multiple description coding (MDC) scheme for compressed still images over error-prone channels with both packet loss and random bit errors. Multiple descriptions are first generated independently by using multiple description scalar quantizer (MDSQ). To achieve an excellent error resilient capability for each description, multiple bitstreams are then generated based on wavelet trees along the spatial orientations. The spatial orientation trees in the wavelet domain are individually encoded using SPIHT. Error propagation is thus limited within each bitstreams. However, synchronization words are usually needed to avoid error propagation across multiple independent bitstreams. In order to maintain high compression efficiency robust synchronization, we adopt error resilient entropy coding (EREC) to re-organize these variable-length bitstreams into fixed-length data slots before multiplexing and transmission. Therefore, the synchronization of the start of each bitstream can be automatically obtained at the receiver. Finally, to alleviate the devastating image degradation resulted from errors in the beginning of the bitstreams, we propose an error concealment technique to both constrain the EREC/MDC decoding and post-process the decoded wavelet coefficients. With analysis and experimental results, we have demonstrated how each of these components has contributed to the overall robustness of the proposed transmission of compressed images over wireless channels.