Introduction to statistical pattern recognition (2nd ed.)
Introduction to statistical pattern recognition (2nd ed.)
Using Discriminant Eigenfeatures for Image Retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting
Journal of Computer and System Sciences - Special issue: 26th annual ACM symposium on the theory of computing & STOC'94, May 23–25, 1994, and second annual Europe an conference on computational learning theory (EuroCOLT'95), March 13–15, 1995
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Cancer classification and prediction using logistic regression with Bayesian gene selection
Journal of Biomedical Informatics - Special issue: Biomedical machine learning
Gene selection using a two-level hierarchical Bayesian model
Bioinformatics
A Gradient Linear Discriminant Analysis for Small Sample Sized Problem
Neural Processing Letters
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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Cancer classification is one of the major applications of the microarray technology. When standard machine learning techniques are applied for cancer classification, they face the small sample size (SSS) problem of gene expression data. The SSS problem is inherited from large dimensionality of the feature space (due to large number of genes) compared to the small number of samples available. In order to overcome the SSS problem, the dimensionality of the feature space is reduced either through feature selection or through feature extraction. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a well-known technique for feature extraction-based dimensionality reduction. However, this technique cannot be applied for cancer classification because of the singularity of the within-class scatter matrix due to the SSS problem. In this paper, we use Gradient LDA technique which avoids the singularity problem associated with the within-class scatter matrix and shown its usefulness for cancer classification. The technique is applied on three gene expression datasets; namely, acute leukemia, small round blue-cell tumour (SRBCT) and lung adenocarcinoma. This technique achieves lower misclassification error as compared to several other previous techniques.