Artificial Intelligence Review - Special issue on lazy learning
Self-Organizing Maps
Modeling the manifolds of images of handwritten digits
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Handwritten digit recognition by adaptive-subspace self-organizing map (ASSOM)
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Locally linear online mapping for mining low-dimensional data manifolds
PAKDD'08 Proceedings of the 12th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining
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Learning multiple linear manifolds permits one to deal with multiple variations incurred in target objects. The adaptive-subspace self-organizing map (ASSOM) proposed by Kohonen can learn a set of ordered subspaces, i.e. linear manifolds passing through the origin, but not those shifted away from the origin. The linear manifold self-organizing map (LMSOM) proposed in this paper considers offsets of linear manifolds from the origin and aims to learn linear manifolds by minimizing a projection error function in a gradient-descent fashion. At each learning step, the winning module and its neighbours update basis vectors as well as offset vectors of their manifolds towards the negative gradient of the error function. Experiments show that the LMSOM can learn clusters aligned on linear manifolds shifted away from the origin and separate them accordingly. The LMSOM is applied to handwritten digit recognition and shows promising results.