Implementation of beam formation for WMNs
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMMUNICATIONS
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC for clustered WSNs with a directional framework
International Journal of Sensor Networks
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The paper presents a detailed discussion of various issues involved in designing a medium access control (MAC) protocol for multihop wireless networks with nodes employing multiple beam smart antennas. Multiple beam smart antennas can form several beams simultaneously and can initiate concurrent transmissions or receptions in them, thereby increasing the throughput of the bottleneck nodes. Traditional on-demand MAC protocols for omnidirectional and single beam directional antennas based on IEEE 802.11 DCF mechanism cannot take advantage of this unique capability of multiple beam antennas as they do not facilitate concurrent transmissions or receptions by a node. This paper introduces a novel protocol, hybrid medium access control (HMAC) that enables concurrent packet reception (CPR) and concurrent packet transmission (CPT) at a node equipped with multiple beam antennas and is backward compatible with IEEE 802.11 DCF. Simulation results show the superior performance of HMAC in most ad hoc scenarios. Moreover, in some sample topologies throughput of HMAC is close to the theoretical maximum. The paper also presents wireless mesh network architecture with heterogeneous antenna technologies and illustrates the advantages of employing multiple beam smart antennas and HMAC in such networks.