An optimal class of symmetric key generation systems
Proc. of the EUROCRYPT 84 workshop on Advances in cryptology: theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Next century challenges: mobile networking for “Smart Dust”
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Routing performance in the presence of unidirectional links in multihop wireless networks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
A key-management scheme for distributed sensor networks
Proceedings of the 9th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Efficient Algorithms for Pairing-Based Cryptosystems
CRYPTO '02 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Random Key Predistribution Schemes for Sensor Networks
SP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Statistical Analysis of Connectivity in Unidirectional Ad Hoc Networks
ICPPW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops
A pairwise key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Location-based compromise-tolerant security mechanisms for wireless sensor networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
A topology control algorithm for interference and energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks
ADHOC-NOW'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ad-hoc, mobile, and wireless networks
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Wireless sensor networks are designed for outdoor environment surveillance and require benign coverage, steady working status and long lifetime, so they require efficient security services eagerly. Most security schemes work efficiently only when bidirectional links exist. So does key establishment protocols in WSNs. However, unidirectional links may emerge frequently. In traditional key establishment schemes, designers delete all the unidirectional links from the network. Hence, the sensors covered only by unidirectional links are excluded from the collaborating network, even if they are stable and energetic. The schemes shorten the lifetime and shrink the connectivity of the whole network. To improve the network connectivity and increase the number of useable sensors in the network, we design a key establishment protocol for heterogeneous sensor networks exploiting unidirectional links. We propose inter-cluster and intra-cluster key establishment schemes for clusters and their members, respectively. Intra-cluster scheme adopts key pre-distribution mechanism, where cluster members and the cluster heads choose different number of keys. The results show that it greatly increases the resiliency against node compromise. Inter-cluster scheme adopts ID-based cryptographic algorithm using pairing and obtain identity authentication and perfect resilience against node compromise. Finally, the simulation reveals our scheme can greatly increase the proportion of available sensor nodes and network connectivity, which will efficiently prolong the network lifetime.