GROUP '97 Proceedings of the international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work: the integration challenge
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Optimal locking integrated with operational transformation in distributed real-time group editors
Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Generalizing operational transformation to the standard general markup language
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Consistency maintenance based on the mark & retrace technique in groupware systems
GROUP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
A landmark-based transformation approach to concurrency control in group editors
GROUP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
Model continuity in the design of dynamic distributed real-time systems
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
P2P document tree management in a real-time collaborative editing system
HiPC'07 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on High performance computing
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Real-time collaborative editing systems allow multiple users to synchronously edit a shared document in a geographically-distributed environment. In order to maintain high responsiveness, a distributed copy model is used wherein each user maintains a local copy of the shared document; as a result, techniques such as Operation Transformation (OT) are employed to ensure consistency among the copies; but OT is costly with regard to computation and communication. We have previously developed a distributed architecture and associated algorithms that dynamically lock sections of a document such that users are able to retain a high level of responsiveness within the system while reducing the computation and communication costs. However, a key limitation has been locking out all contending users except one for the smallest indivisible subsection, resulting in scenarios with significant lock request failures. This study expands our work by examining how OT may be integrated into our dynamic locking algorithms such that all users are always able to edit their copy of the document while avoiding costly global messaging. We present an overview of our updated architecture and algorithms, show how they have been simulated using the DEVSJAVA package at the client and server, and then demonstrate the efficiencies achieved by our approach relative to existing OT algorithms. In scenarios featuring clustered editing, large document, and a large number of users, our system incurs up to 80% less communication cost than existing pure OT systems. Additionally, we discuss how our simulation design process has allowed us to first simulate both client and server and then begin progress to a functional implementation of both client and server technologies - better achieving an efficient implementation of our algorithms and ideas based upon our empirical simulation results.