Fundamentals of statistical signal processing: estimation theory
Fundamentals of statistical signal processing: estimation theory
Improved algorithms for synchronizing computer network clocks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Experience with an adaptive globally-synchronizing clock algorithm
Proceedings of the eleventh annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architectures
Wireless integrated network sensors
Communications of the ACM
Time synchronization in ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
PC based precision timing without GPS
SIGMETRICS '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Continuous Clock Synchronization in Wireless Real-Time Applications
SRDS '00 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - OSDI '02: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Adaptive clock synchronization in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Robust synchronization of software clocks across the internet
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Adaptive sampling for sensor networks
DMSN '04 Proceeedings of the 1st international workshop on Data management for sensor networks: in conjunction with VLDB 2004
Time-diffusion synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Advanced self-correcting time synchronization in wireless sensor networks
IEEE Communications Letters
Exploiting FM radio data system for adaptive clock calibration in sensor networks
MobiSys '11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
AdaSynch: A General Adaptive Clock Synchronization Scheme Based on Kalman Filter for WSNs
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Tracking low-precision clocks with time-varying drifts using kalman filtering
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
FLIGHT: clock calibration using fluorescent lighting
Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
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Clock synchronization across a network is essential for a large number of applications ranging from wired network measurements to data fusion in sensor networks. Earlier techniques are either limited to undesirable accuracy or rely on specific hardware characteristics that may not be available for certain systems. In this work, we examine the clock synchronization problem in resource-constrained networks such as wireless sensor networks where nodes have limited energy and bandwidth, and also lack the high accuracy oscillators or programmable network interfaces some previous protocols depend on. This paper derives a general model for clock offset and skew and demonstrates its applicability. We design efficient algorithms based on this model to achieve high synchronization accuracy given limited resources. These algorithms apply the Kalman filter to track the clock offset and skew, and adaptively adjust the synchronization interval so that the desired error bounds are achieved. We demonstrate the performance advantages of our schemes through extensive simulations obeying real-world constraints.