Ordinary Differential Equations
Ordinary Differential Equations
A new PI and PID control design method for integrating systems with time delays
ISPRA'07 Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Signal Processing, Robotics and Automation
Designing optimal PID controller with genetic algorithm in view of controller location in the plant
ISPRA'08 Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Signal Processing, Robotics and Automation
Liberalising energy in Europe: public service obligations in the energy sector
EE'07 Proceedings of the 2nd IASME/WSEAS international conference on Energy and environment
ROCOM'06 Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS international conference on Robotics, control and manufacturing technology
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Firstly the authors explain the nature of contracts between primary suppliers of gas and local suppliers. They then describe and investigate an effect observed frequently in the field of gas volume and flow control. Instead of running a straight line, the volume controller opens or closes the control valve dramatically at the end of the accounting period. The effect is explained by introducing an easy differential equation to describe the issue and solving it. The reason causing the phenomenon turns out to be a deviation of the measured value of the gas flow rate from the actual value. Rounding errors occurring during necessary calculations may lead to the same effect.