MACS-VRPTW: a multiple ant colony system for vehicle routing problems with time windows
New ideas in optimization
Ant algorithms for discrete optimization
Artificial Life
Formation of an ant cemetery: swarm intelligence or statistical accident?
Future Generation Computer Systems - Cellular automata CA 2000 and ACRI 2000
D-Ants: savings based ants divide and conquer the vehicle routing problem
Computers and Operations Research
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The Ant Colony System (ACS) algorithm is vital in solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, the weaknesses of premature convergence and low efficiency greatly restrict its application. In order to improve the performance of the algorithm, the Hybrid Ant Colony System (HACS) is presented by introducing the pheromone adjusting approach, combining ACS with saving and interchange methods, etc. Furthermore, the HACS is applied to solve the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW). By comparing the computational results with the previous findings, it is concluded that HACS is an effective and efficient way to solve combinatorial optimization problems.