Hidden order: how adaptation builds complexity
Hidden order: how adaptation builds complexity
The organization of work in social insect colonies
Complexity - Special issue: Selection, tinkering, and emergence in complex networks
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A Markov chain model is proposed to describe the evolutionary dynamics of a multi-agent system. Many individual agents search for and exploit resources to get global optimization in an environment without complete information. With the selection acting on agent specialization at the level of system and under the condition of increasing returns, agent specialization emerges as the result of a long-term optimizing evolution.