Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Laplacian Eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation
Neural Computation
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
Neighborhood Preserving Embedding
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Semi-Supervised Classification Using Linear Neighborhood Propagation
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
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In this study, an expression manifold is constructed by Neighborhood Preserving Embedding (NPE) based on the expression semantic metric for a global representation of all possible facial expression images. On this learned manifold, images with semantic `similar' expression are mapped onto nearby points whatever their lighting, pose and individual appearance are quite different. The proposed manifold extracts the universal expression feature and reveals the intrinsic semantic global structure and the essential relations of the expression data. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.