CNLS '89 Proceedings of the ninth annual international conference of the Center for Nonlinear Studies on Self-organizing, Collective, and Cooperative Phenomena in Natural and Artificial Computing Networks on Emergent computation
A translation approach to portable ontology specifications
Knowledge Acquisition - Special issue: Current issues in knowledge modeling
Adaptive Information: Improving Business Through Semantic Interoperability, Grid Computing, and Enterprise Integration (Wiley Series in Systems Engineering and Management)
Towards context-aware semantic web service discovery through conceptual situation spaces
Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Context enabled source and service selection, integration and adaptation: organized with the 17th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2008)
An automated approach to Semantic Web Services Mediation
Service Oriented Computing and Applications
Mediation Spaces for Similarity-Based Semantic Web Services Selection
International Journal of Web Services Research
Hi-index | 0.00 |
A true semantic web of data requires dynamic, real-time interopera-bility between disparate data sources, developed by different organizations in different ways, each for their own specific purposes. Ontology languages provide a means to relate data items to each other in logically well-defined ways, producing complex logical structures with an underlying formal semantics. Whilst these structures have a logical formal semantics, they lack a pragmatic semantics linking them in a systematic and unambiguous way to the real world entities they represent. Thus they are intricate "castles in the air", which may certainly have pathways built to link them together, but lack the solid foundations required for robust real-time dynamic interoperability between structures not mapped to each other in the design stage. Current ontology interoperability strategies lack such a meaning-based arbitrator, and depend instead on human mediation or heuristic approaches. This paper introduces the symbol grounding problem, explains its relevance for the Semantic Web, illustrates how inappropriate correspondence between symbol and referent can result in logically valid but meaningless inferences, examines some of the shortcomings of the current approach in dealing effectively at the level of meaning, and concludes with some ideas for identifying effective grounding strategies.