Mutually Clock-Controlled Feedback Shift Registers Provide Resistance to Algebraic Attacks

Authors:
Sultan Al Hinai;Lynn Margaret Batten;Bernard Colbert
Affiliations:
Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia;Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
Venue:
Information Security and Cryptology
Year:
2007

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Abstract

Algebraic attacks have been applied to several types of clock-controlled stream ciphers. However, to date there are no such attacks in the literature on mutually clock-controlled ciphers. In this paper, we present a preliminary step in this direction by giving the first algebraic analysis of mutually clock-controlled feedback shift register stream ciphers: the bilateral stop-and-go generator, A5/1, Alpha 1 and the MICKEY cipher. We show that, if there are no regularly clocked shift registers included in the system, mutually clock-controlled feedback shift register ciphers appear to be highly resistant to algebraic attacks. As a demonstration of the weakness inherent in the presence of a regularly clocked shift register, we present a simple algebraic attack on Alpha 1 based on only 29 keystream bits.