Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Fast Algorithms for Mining Association Rules in Large Databases
VLDB '94 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
TOSSIM: accurate and scalable simulation of entire TinyOS applications
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
SOBER: statistical model-based bug localization
Proceedings of the 10th European software engineering conference held jointly with 13th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Sympathy for the sensor network debugger
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Marionette: using RPC for interactive development and debugging of wireless embedded networks
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Avrora: scalable sensor network simulation with precise timing
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Discriminative pattern mining in software fault detection
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Software quality assurance
Disens: scalable distributed sensor network simulation
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
EmStar: a software environment for developing and deploying wireless sensor networks
ATEC '04 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Clairvoyant: a comprehensive source-level debugger for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
SNTS: sensor network troubleshooting suite
DCOSS'07 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE international conference on Distributed computing in sensor systems
Finding Symbolic Bug Patterns in Sensor Networks
DCOSS '09 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
Data mining for diagnostic debugging in sensor networks: preliminary evidence and lessons learned
Sensor-KDD'08 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Knowledge Discovery from Sensor Data
Mechanized extraction of topology anti-patterns in wireless networks
IFM'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Integrated Formal Methods
Troubleshooting interactive complexity bugs in wireless sensor networks using data mining techniques
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
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While deployment and practical on-site testing remains the ultimate touchstone for sensor network code, good simulation tools can help curtail in-field troubleshooting time. Unfortunately, current simulators are successful only at evaluating system performance and exposing manifestations of errors. They are not designed to diagnose the root cause of the exposed anomalous behavior. This paper presents a diagnostic simulator, implemented as an extension to TOSSIM [6]. It (i) allows the user to ask questions such as "why is (some specific) bad behavior occurring?", and (ii) conjectures on possible causes of the user-specified behavior when it is encountered during simulation. The simulator works by logging event sequences and states produced in a regular simulation run. It then uses sequence extraction, and frequent pattern analysis techniques to recognize sequences and states that are possible root causes of the user-defined undesirable behavior. To evaluate the effectiveness of the tool, we have implemented the directed diffusion protocol and used our tool during the development process. During this process the tool was able to uncover two design bugs that were not addressed in the original protocol. The manifestation of these two bugs were same but the causes of failure were completely different - one was triggered by node reboot and the other was triggered by an overflow of timestamps generated by the local clock. The case study demonstrates a success scenario for diagnostic simulation.