Tactons: structured tactile messages for non-visual information display
AUIC '04 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28
Audio-haptic feedback in mobile phones
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Display of virtual braille dots by lateral skin deformation: feasibility study
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
A role for haptics in mobile interaction: initial design using a handheld tactile display prototype
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multidimensional tactons for non-visual information presentation in mobile devices
Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
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This study presents three attributes for composing vibration patterns: Rhythm, intensity difference, and continuous variation in intensity. The intervals and the duration of the vibrations offer the elements of rhythm; intensity difference, and continuous variation in intensity, which add a second dimension to encoding the vibration pattern. Based on the attributes, fourteen vibration patterns were encoded according to four rhythm and four different intensity types. Rhythms are composed of two vibration durations and one interval. Intensity types are High intensity, Low intensity, Strengthening, and Weakening. The results achieve 78.57% accuracy for the overall vibration patterns. Intensity differenceshave a correct rate of 80.89%. The results for recognition of rhythm typesare 90.97%. The result shows that people can really differentiate rhythms and intensity by using their tactile senses, but this has limitations. This research provides guidelines for vibration pattern design, and a third scenario for non-visual interaction.