Semi-supervised Laplacian Regularization of Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis

• Authors: Matthew B. Blaschko;Christoph H. Lampert;Arthur Gretton
• Venue: ECML PKDD '08 Proceedings of the 2008 European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases - Part I
• Year: 2008

Kernel canonical correlation analysis (KCCA) is a fundamental technique for dimensionality reduction for paired data. By finding directions that maximize correlation in the space implied by the kernel, KCCA is able to learn representations that are more closely tied to the underlying semantics of the data rather than high variance directions, which are found by PCA but may be the result of noise. However, meaningful directions are not only those that have high correlation to another modality, but also those that capture the manifold structure of the data. We propose a method that is able to simultaneously find highly correlated directions that are also located on high variance directions along the data manifold. This is achieved by the use of semi-supervised Laplacian regularization in the formulation of KCCA, which has the additional benefit of being able to use additional data for which correspondence between the modalities is not known to more robustly estimate the structure of the data manifold. We show experimentally on datasets of images and text that Laplacian regularized training improves the class separation over KCCA with only Tikhonov regularization, while causing no degradation in the correlation between modalities. We propose a model selection criterion based on the Hilbert-Schmidt norm of the semi-supervised Laplacian regularized cross-covariance operator, which can be computed in closed form. Kernel canonical correlation analysis (KCCA) is a dimensionality reduction technique for paired data. By finding directions that maximize correlation, KCCA learns representations that are more closely tied to the underlying semantics of the data rather than noise. However, meaningful directions are not only those that have high correlation to another modality, but also those that capture the manifold structure of the data. We propose a method that is simultaneously able to find highly correlated directions that are also located on high variance directions along the data manifold. This is achieved by the use of semi-supervised Laplacian regularization of KCCA. We show experimentally that Laplacian regularized training improves class separation over KCCA with only Tikhonov regularization, while causing no degradation in the correlation between modalities. We propose a model selection criterion based on the Hilbert-Schmidt norm of the semi-supervised Laplacian regularized cross-covariance operator, which we compute in closed form.