External cognition: how do graphical representations work?
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Representations for Problem Solving: On the Benefits of Integrated Structure
IV '04 Proceedings of the Information Visualisation, Eighth International Conference
Tactile diagrams: worth ten thousand words?
Diagrams'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Diagrammatic representation and inference
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Tactile graphics are the primary means by which blind people access maps, graphs, diagrams and other graphical representations. Tactile graphics are made up of raised lines, areas, textures and symbols, and are intended to be felt rather than seen [1], [2] and [3].Major obstacles to the successful use of tactile graphics are that:touch cannot discriminate the fine detail that sight can;extracting information through a sequence of touches, then re-integrating it, imposes a heavy memory load; andmany graphical representations need visual experience for interpretation.